Just as there are some triangles where all three sides are whole numbers, there are also some boxes where the three sides and the spatial diagonal (A, B, C, and G) are whole numbers. The first three are the dimensions of a box, and G is the diagonal running from one of the top corners to the opposite bottom corner. In the image above, they are A, B, C, and G. In three dimensions, there are four numbers. Let's extend this idea to three dimensions. In a Pythagorean triangle, and all three sides are whole numbers. Remember the pythagorean theorem, A 2 + B 2 = C 2? The three letters correspond to the three sides of a right triangle. All together, we know the sofa constant has to be between 2.2195 and 2.8284. We also have some sofas that don't work, so it has to be smaller than those. Nobody knows for sure how big it is, but we have some pretty big sofas that do work, so we know it has to be at least as big as them. The largest area that can fit around a corner is called-I kid you not-the sofa constant. What is the largest two-dimensional area that can fit around the corner? Here are the specifics: the whole problem is in two dimensions, the corner is a 90-degree angle, and the width of the corridor is 1. This is the essence of the moving sofa problem. If it's a small sofa, that might not be a problem, but a really big sofa is sure to get stuck. If you're a mathematician, you ask yourself: What's the largest sofa you could possibly fit around the corner? It doesn't have to be a rectangular sofa either, it can be any shape. The problem is, the hallway turns and you have to fit your sofa around a corner. So you're moving into your new apartment, and you're trying to bring your sofa.
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